Mid Term Exam Essay examples - 1165 Words

Operations Management Mid Term Exam 1. Discuss how just-in-time manufacturing might affect a Job Shop (Consider both positive and negative impacts on both internal and external operations). Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing may affect a Job Shop both positively and negatively. The most important affect is that it improves the performance of job shop production. JIT also eliminates waste and/or decreases work in progress (WIP) in that same sense. JIT allows for products that are produced to fulfill an immediate demand for them. JIT emphasizes on quality. Quality is very important in JIT manufacturing because it decreases or eliminates costs and increases profits by producing high quality products the first time around. JIT†¦show more content†¦I would become my own distributor, thus passing these savings to my customers, while gaining market share. Another level of vertical integration would be that I’d purchase more land to have grass to feed my cows, instead of purchasing feed from a feed company. That type of integration is called forward integration. 3. Discuss the concept of the â€Å"Process Spectrum†. Use examples where appropriate. The Process Spectrum is made up of five major types of manufacturing processes that a company may use to get to an end product, or a finished good or service. The continuous flow process is characterized by the flow of material. During this process, the material hardly ever stops, but moves constantly from one process to another. Using the continuous flow process, the time to transform raw material into a finished project can be easily estimated. The Job Shop process is the most flexible of the processes. Unlike the continuous flow process, the Job Shop process it group’s similar equipment together. This most often allows for products to flow from one machine to a different type of machine and back to a previous type of machine, if needed, unlike the continuous flow process. This process fulfills an outside customer’s order by an agreed-upon date and whatever quantity ordered. The batch flow process is most similar to the job shop process, in that the equipment is grouped by function rather thanShow MoreRelatedMid Term Exam Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast the traditional motivations for internationalization with the emerging motivations. Traditional motivations for internationalization were the starting point of expansion. The original mental outlook of foreign operations was that they needed to merely be strategic and organized extensions of the domestic business; therefore, traditional motivations reflected that perspective. For example, one of the initial, traditional motivations was the need to secure key supplies. If aRead MoreEssay Mid Term Exam1014 Words   |  5 PagesFIN413 – Practice Midterm Exam Fall 2012 Boris Nikolov William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration University of Rochester Name ______________________________ ï‚ · Please do not open exam until instructed to do so ï‚ · Exam is 2 hours ï‚ · This is a closed book exam ï‚ · One page of personal notes allowed ï‚ · Please do not sit in adjacent seats ï‚ · Please write only in the space provided for each question ï‚ · You need a pocket calculator ï‚ · Read MoreInternational Politics : Mid Term Exam724 Words   |  3 PagesL. Paredes-Manfredi VCC INR 2002 INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Mid-Term Exam Answer two of the following questions in an approximately 1 to 1 1/2 page essays each. Be sure to Spell and Grammar check. Use your texts to make citations supporting your essays. No additional research beyond the text is necessary. Each essay is 50 points, total test 100 points. SELECT TWO QUESTIONS ONLY: 1. Explain why it is important to understand the evolution of the world’s international system in order to understandRead MoreMid Term Exam: Political Sciences1307 Words   |  5 PagesMid Term Exam (A0109493Y) Part A \ Q1. The top 4 key stakeholders are as follows: 1. Businesses/ Employers in City Z The main interest of businesses/ employers in city Z is to gain profits for owners/ shareholders. Regarding the issue of wage increase, they will tend to raise an objection because the policy will create an extra cost to their businesses and go against their interests to have more profit. They have a strong political influence because they provide jobs in the city and move the localRead MoreMid Term Exam : Take Home Essay1891 Words   |  8 PagesMid-Term Exam: Take Home Nursing Theory Nur3333 Total Points Available: 20 points This exam is based on the 5 in-class discussion assignments. The 5 evidence-based research articles refer to the models of 5 important theorists: Nightingale, Orem, Watson, Levine and Johnson. Additional sources of information to help in answering the questions can be found in the textbook, particularly in chapters 11 and 13. ALL SOURCES USED MUST BE CITED AT THE END OF THE EXAM USING THE CORRECTRead MoreMid Term : Short Id Exam1220 Words   |  5 PagesMid-Term: Short ID Exam; â€Å"Top Ten† 1. Bronze Age; The Bronze Age was a time when Europe and Asia minor began to transition from the use of stone to bronze ores. It is believed it started sometime in 2300 B.C in parts of Europe. The importance of this period is significant because during this time it shows the improvement of human technology. During this time, bronze is smelted into tools and weapons. The bronze outperformed the stone tools and weapons. It then leads to trading across to the IndusRead MoreChemistry Mid Term Exam Version1284 Words   |  6 PagesChemistry Mid-term Exam Version 2/23/15 Name: Leila Marshall Student number: JM1512137 Directions: It is important that you provide answers in your own words. Please focus only on information from the text/eBook to create your own solutions. Please do not use direct information from an outside source (especially copying and pasting from an â€Å"answer† website). Use of direct information from an outside source is against schoolRead MoreBba 360 Mid Term Exam1773 Words   |  8 PagesBBA 360 Mid Term Exam 1. What were the traditional 4 functions of mgmt developed in 1912 by Fayol? What functions do you think are effective in the 21st century? The traditional 4 functions of management by Fayol are; Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. Planning is the step where an action plan is created based on the organization and team goal, objectives are created and deadlines. Organizing is the step where team roles, responsibilities and task are assigned. Leading is the stepRead MoreEssay about Mid Term Exam3080 Words   |  13 Pagesunless permitted by the invitation. The term â€Å"telegraphic bids† means bids submitted by telegram or by mailgram. (c) Facsimile bids shall not be considered unless permitted by the solicitation (see 14.202-7). (d) Bids should be filled out, executed, and submitted in accordance with the instructions in the invitation. If a bidder uses its own bid form or a letter to submit a bid, the bid may be considered only if— (1) The bidder accepts all the terms and conditions of the invitation; and (2)Read MoreEssay Mid-Term Exam Busn 3791364 Words   |  6 PagesCorrect: Multiple Choice 31 29 Many Multiple Choice 1 0 Short 4 N/A Grade Details - All Questions Page: 1 2 3 1. Question : (TCO 1) What is the goal of financial management for a sole proprietorship? Student Answer: Decrease long-term debt to reduce the risk to the owner maximize net income given the resources of the firm CORRECT maximize the market value of the equity minimize the tax impact on the proprietor minimize costs and increase production Instructor

Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation in New Zeland - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2696 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Logistics Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation Report 1: 3 Logistics supply chain 1.1 New Zealand Dairy Market (Dairy Products) 4 1.2 Destination Country (Australia) 4 1.3 Supply chain Logistics 5 1.4 Warehousing and Distribution 5 1.5 Freight Forwarders and customs 5 1.6 Physical Distribution Services 6 1.7 Product Finishing Operations 7 1.8 Freight and delivery option 8 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Exports/Imports Logistics and Legislation in New Zeland" essay for you Create order Report 2 Regulation of destination country regarding specific transport packaging and labelling of goods 9 Report 3: Essential components of the export contract 11 3.1 Headings 12 3.2 Names and addresses of both the parties 12 3.3 Representation 13 3.4 Product, standards and specifications 13 3.5 Quantity/Quality 14 3.6 Inspection 14 3.7 Terms of delivery 14 3.8 Terms of payment, and amount 14 3.9 Taxes, duties and charges 14 3.10 Period of delivery and shipment 14 3.11 Licenses and permits 15 3.12 Insurance 15 3.13 Product Guarantee 15 3.14 Applicable law 15 3.15 Minimum orders 15 3.16 Signature of the parties 15 References: 16 Report 1: Logistics supply chain Supply chain management(SCM) is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement and storage of  raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. What is Supply Chain? Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer Customer 1.1 New Zealand Dairy Market (Dairy Products) Dairy is the backbone of New Zealands food and beverage industry it is the worlds top dairy exporter and accounts for a third of the worlds dairy trade. As New Zealands biggest export earner (exports totaled NZ$12.1 billion in 2011), dairy contributes 25 percent to New Zealands merchandise export earnings. New Zealands efficient all-grass farming system, large-scale processing, high levels of research and development investment and creative marketing are key strengths of the industry. Taranaki is the second most populated region at 11 percent. Dairy products of New Zealand are not only the well known fo r its trading margin but also for its quality. 1.2 Destination Country (Australia) New Zealand and Australia have one of the closest and broadest economic and trading relationships of any two countries in the world. Australia is New Zealands largest bilateral trading partner, with two-way trade worth NZ$17.4 billion in year ending May 2012. New Zealands exports to Australia are primarily made up of mineral fuel, precious metal, machinery parts, beverages, dairy products, and wood. Australia, a big food and beverage producer in its own right, imports a number of New Zealand food and beverage products and is a net importer of food and grocery products. New Zealand is the biggest supplier of processed food and beverage products to Australia, sending over 18 percent of all imported goods in 2010. In 2010, New Zealand exported more than NZ$2.4 billion worth of food and beverage products to Australia and in 2011, the exports grew by a further 13.7 percent. New Zealands biggest exports to Australia are wine, cheese, food preparations, bread, pastry biscuits, fish fillets, butter, chocolate, water, infant formula and fish.(iii) New Zealand products are often packaged for home brand or other local labels. All food imported into Australia must comply with Australian quarantine requirements by obtaining a quarantine import permit 1.3 Supply chain Logistics Supply Chain and Logistics Technology is managing (planning and executing) the flow of materials, their transformation into finished goods, and their ultimate delivery as finished goods to the final buyer. Global business is becoming ever more reliant on logistics and supply chain management in order to keep pace with the demands of an increasingly global economy. This is why business leaders acknowledge that the supply chain can be a value creator and a source of competitive advantage. Overall, changes are aimed at delivering greater benefits for both Fonterra and our Vendors. This includes more efficient Management of critical activities such as ordering, planning and managing inventory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and processing of payments! The changes will only involve our ANZ business units. 1.4 Warehousing and Distribution Facilities used for the receipt, storage and dispatch of all goods are maintained So that the quality and integrity of the products stored is maintained at all times. Precautions are taken to protect the product from contaminants such as insects, rodents, odors, unapproved chemicals, excessive temperature fluctuations and physical damage. Where temperature controlled storage is required, temperatures are monitored and recorded, to demonstrate compliance. regular and systematic cleaning and maintenance schedules are developed and maintained, to ensure premises and equipment are in a clean and hygienic condition, and pose no risk to product. 1.5 Freight Forwarders and customs The freight forwarder is concerned with organizing transportation for companies. Their primary task is to combine smaller shipments to create a single large shipment to minimize the shipping costs. Companies using a freight forwarder will benefit as they are charged a much smaller shipping cost than if they had shipped their product independently. Services of an International Freight Forwarder Freight forwarders facilitate shipments by air, vessel or other common carrier. Their services may include, but are not limited to: Ordering cargo to the port of export Preparing export declarations Booking, arranging for and confirming cargo space Preparing delivery orders or dock receipts Preparing ocean bills of lading Preparing consular documents or arranging for their certification Preparing and processing letters of credit Arranging for warehouse storage Clearing shipments in accordance with U.S. government export regulations Preparing and sending advance notifications of shipments or other documents to banks, shippers, consignees or agents as needed Handling freight or other monies advanced by shippers Remitting or advancing freight, monies or credit in connection with the dispatching of shipments Fonterra has become the first New Zealand Company to be invited to join the World Customs Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Private Sector Consultative Group (PSCG). . 1.6 Physical Distribution Services Export distribution Send out appropriation includes the moving parts of indispensable piece of universal exchange. Organizations of all sizes ought to wind up acquainted with the dissemination frameworks between the birthplace fabricating area and the focused on businesses. While numerous parts of worldwide showcasing permit an exporter to be imaginative and extraordinary, there is no place for blunder in fare mechanics. The part of administration suppliers in universal logistics and transportation cant be disparaged. It is best to leave this procedure to the specialists, who make their living by taking in the most productive and moral transportation techniques accessible. 1.7 Product Finishing Operations As a precision component manufacturer, Laszeray conducts a variety of secondary and finishing operations to ensure your final product matches your requirements to the finest detail.. To our leading consumer brands and foodservice business in New Zealand, our work at home forms the core of our global dairy ingredients business.We operate more than 30 manufacturing sites across the country and process about 16 billion liters of our farmersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ milk each year. Product finishing operations include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Trimming à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pad Printing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Labeling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Polishing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Inspection à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Part Decorating 1.8 Freight and delivery option Providing convenience to your customers. Offering delivery options that fit their schedule.When they offer their customers our residential delivery and notification options, youandyour customers will benefit: Fewer missed deliveries. Convenient Saturday and evening delivery options. Satisfied clients. Increased customer loyalty. Unishippers offers a full portfolio of freight options to meet your businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ specific needs. Our partner network includes more than 30 of the top national, regional and local freight logistics companies. The Auckland-based co-operative is upgrading its Whareroa site, having spent $23 million improving the facilitys cool store since 2011. The plan is to reduce costs by keeping product stored near processing plants, and within easy access to ports. This investment at their Whareroa facility will improve their logistics networks storage capacity and address existing capacity restraints in the region. Report 2 Regulation of destination country regarding specific transport packaging and labelling of goods Packaging is used to protect our product, minimize damage and plays an important role throughout lifecycle of the product. it protects the product from the atmosphere, micro-organisms and pests from the time of packing until it is consumed and it also the first perception the customer has of the product. This requires packaging to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing. The New Zealand Food Inspection Agency is responsible for labeling and packaging on products covered according to theDairy Products Regulations of Australia government. TheConsumer Packaging and Labeling actandRegulations, and theDairy Products Regulations. Food Standards Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ) regulates the delivery of safe food. FSANZ operates under the Food Standard Australia New Zealand Act 1991. There are labeling exceptions; these cover mostly bulk products meant to be repackaged, fresh fruit and vegetables, livestock products, food additives and container and packaging for food products. T hese all follow different labeling standards. Labels must include: Name of food Product name: the product name should be identical to the product name declared to the licensing/inspection authority. Name and address of supplier The label on a package of food must include the name and business address, in Australia or New Zealand, of the supplier (packer, manufacturer, vendor or importer) of the food. The review of country of origin labeling requirements for food has not been finalized. The country of origin preceded by made in or product of should still be indicated on all food products. This can be the country where the food was made or processed. Australia has fully embraced the metric system. The productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s content should be indicated in the metric equivalent: Liquids in milliliters (ml ) or Liters (L) Solids in grams (g) / Kilograms (Kg). Apart from a few exceptions, all food products must have a best before date written on the package. It is illegal to sell food past its shelf life. All food products must have a unique number connecting them to the batch during which they were produced. The food label must include directions on its use or storage if the foodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nature needs such directions for reasons of health or safety. Manufacturers must include storage information where specific storage conditions are required in order for the product to remain safe until its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Use-byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ date. Any products that must be kept at low temperature must be clearly indicated. Ingredients must be listed from greatest to smallest by ingoing weight, including water. Consult the following document for maximum allowable addition of vitamins and minerals, depending on the food product type. Irradiation of food and/or ingredients is prohibited unless specific permission is given. Foods which are known to be dangerous to people with allergies must be clearly labeled, however small the amount. For example, nuts, seafood, milk, gluten, eggs, and soybeans. Unless specifically permitted, Transitional and Temporary Standard for Health Claims in food labels and advertisements are prohibited in Australia. Manufacturers should ensure that their pictorial representations do not give a misleading overall impression about their products. Packaging Requirements There are no packaging or container-size regulations for food products in Australia. Most chains look for cartons with a maximum weight of 16 Kg, Woolworths requires cartons to weigh 12 Kg or less. Although North American pallets are accepted by all importers, many chains and customers who deal with local suppliers will expect products to be on Australian standard pallets. For containers being trucked within Australia, the maximum weight allowed is higher than the usual maximum weight allowed in the United States. The container must be within the weight limits of the State regulation. Report 3: Essential components of the export contract A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation that is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or morecompetent parties. A contract can be worked out either by the seller or the buyer, and it is called a sales contract or purchase contract respectively. But it is difficult to draw up a comprehensive contract that can be standardized for all export transaction. However, the exporter and importer should be aware of certain minimum general requirements when drawing up an export sales contract. From a more practical perspective, a contract may be summarized in the following fourbasic points: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is anagreement, generally in writing,between two ormore parties. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢It contains rights and obligations. The contract document establishes the rules that are to be followed by the parties. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢It servesto regulate business relations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢It is generally for a specifcperiod of time. Content of a contract 3.1 Headings This is thetitle of thecontract; for example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sales Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Distributorship Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Brokerage Agreementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , etc. Our Contracts heading is Export Contract. 3.2 Names and addresses of both the parties This content identifies anddescribes the parties, i.e. the persons and/or companies signingthe contract. The parties to the contract should be clearly stated. For example: Exporterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s address: Fonterra NZ Ltd. 9 Princes Street Auckland City Centre, Auckland City, Auckland 1010 Importerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s address: Australian Customs Service 5-11 Constitution Avenue Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia Phone: 02 6275-6666 Fax: 02 6275-6999 Website:  https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/ Imported Food Program Australian Quarantine Inspection Service GPO Box 858 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia Phone: 02 6272-3097 Fax: 02 6272- 3682 Email: [email  protected]/* */ Website www.aqis.gov.au Food Standards Australia New Zealand P.O. Box 7186 Canberra Mail Centre, ACT 2610 Australia Phone: 02 6271 2222 Fax: 02 6271 2278 Email: [email  protected]/* */ Website: www.foodstandards.gov.au 3.3 Representation: This clause follows immediately after the naming of the parties and states the attributes of the person, who appears to sign the contract, 3.4 Product, standards and specifications This content is about the product means which type of product we are going to export. It includes the product name. If there are any size in which the product is to be supplied; the applicable national or international standards and specifications are needed. For example dairy product(Cheese) 3.5 Quantity/Quality This clause describes thetype of goods to be delivered, aswell as the quantity, size, weight, quality standards and other specifications. In this units of measures should be clearly specified. 3.6 Inspection This clause is about inspection of the product before exporting it to the market. There are some agencies that do this kind of inspection when product is ready to export from Manufacture Company. Therefore, the parties should clearly state the nature of the inspection process. 3.7 Terms of delivery Terms of delivery should be clearly specified in contract. It just determine the time required in which the goods are to be delivered. 3.8 Terms of payment, and amount This clause determines the method of payment, the amount, the frequency and theplace where payment will be received for the transactions carried out. 3.9 Taxes, duties and charges Taxes charged applied under the common agricultural policy. If any, in the country of importation may be the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility. So it should be clearly defined. 3.10 Period of delivery and shipment It specifies the period in which the product is delivered to his destination i.e Australia. It also defines about the shipment. . The following documents are mandatory: Customs Entry or Informal Clearance Document (ICD) Air waybill (AWB) or bill of lading (BLAD) Commercial invoice Packing list, and Other documents relating to the importation and requested by the importer. 3.11 Licenses and permits We have to disclose documents regarding to Export license and permit to export dairy product. Australian Customs does not require companies or individuals to hold licenses to import goods. However, depending on the nature of the commodity, permits may be required to clear the goods. 3.12 Insurance A contract should provide for the insurance of goods against loss, damage or destruction during transportation. 3.13 Product Guarantee The length of the period of guarantee should be fixed. 3.14 Applicable law In this clause both parties have to disclose and agree with the law is going to applicable means if something goes wrong in trade then we have to define in the contract before trade that which countries law will apply. 3.15 Minimum orders: This clause may serve to compensate for the assignation of territory and the granting or not of exclusivity. It generally establishes an initial minimum orderÃÆ' ®Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ or the products of the principal/exporter. It may also determine subsequent minimum orders, which, ingeneral, will be submitted in a phased manner and in accordance with a reference schedule 3.16 Signature of the parties This is the last stage of contract where Exporter and Importer are agreed and sign with all above steps and they are responsible for any dispute in trade. References: https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/buy/our-sectors/food-and-beverage/dairy/ https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/market-research/food-and-beverage/food-and-beverage-market-in-australia/ https://www.foodexport.org/GettingStarted/content.cfm?ItemNumber=1292 https://logistics.about.com/od/forsmallbusinesses/a/Exporting.htm https://www.fonterra.com/wps/wcm/connect/6acdf273-0225-4ee0-8502-44a28a4c6510/05.02.20quality+systems+full+version_v5.pdf?MOD=AJPERES https://laszeray.com/services/secondary-and-finishing-operations/ https://www.ota.com/pics/documents/Australiareport.pdf https://www.tradesecrets.co.za/pdf/sec7-4.pdf https://www.scribd.com/doc/3666243/International-Trade-Contracts-A-Practical-Guide-for-Exporters-Ventura-Luis-ClementeIICA-2007 https://www.scribd.com/doc/9353914/Import-Export-Contract-Terms

We Must Save the Brazilian Rainforest Essay - 2783 Words

The Brazilian Rainforest is one of the most unique, vast, and diverse regions of the world. To get a general idea of the diversity of the Rainforest, it makes up a total of one-third of the world forests (more than four million square kilometers), it contains half of the total number of named species in the world (eighty-thousand plant species, 1,500 fish species, and one-forth of the 8,600 bird species), and is the world largest holder of genes (Library 138-139). To say the least, the Brazilian Rainforest is one of the most important natural resources we, as humans, know. It would seem that this knowledge, alone, would also make the Brazilian Rainforest one of the most protected land areas on Earth as well. However, the situation is†¦show more content†¦More specifically, the law stated that ownership of a piece of land would be honored if the owner could either ultivate [the land] or produce on [the land] (Hecht and Cockburn 168). This stature resulted in a tremendous numb er of people flocking to the area to secure land. People abused the system by adhering very loosely to the guidelines of the stature in order to gain land (Hecht and Cockburn 168). This marked the beginning of the cattle ranching business and an explosion of large-land ownership resulting in the depletion of the Brazilian Rainforest. Cattle ranching is one of the first forms of development to occur which begins a cycle that leads to massive deforestation. A second law that added to the rapid distribution of land was a 1980 law which gave squatters the right to possess or claim land on which they had lived and kept production for five years (Crittenden 3). These two laws encouraged large numbers of Brazilians to move onto the unclaimed land of the Brazilian Rainforest. Cattle Ranching is one of the greatest causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Rainforest. It is the business of clearing land to provide room for raising and grazing of cattle. There are two reasons that this consumes so much land. First, large landowners or ranchers either clear forested land by means of fire or chainsaws, or buy already cleared landShow MoreRelatedThe Amazon Rainforest Is A Vital And Spectacular Part Of Our Planet1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe Amazon Rainforest is a vital and spectacular part of our planet. The forest spreads over nine countries on the South American continent which are Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. It is the world’s largest remaining rainforest covering over 2.5 million square miles, with 63 percent of it resting in Brazil. (Finer 2008). It is considered the lungs of Earth. Giving the entire world population daily oxygen and absorbing our carbon dioxide. IndustrializationRead More Speech on the rain forest.1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe rainforest is one of the Earths most valuable natural resources. At the current rate of destruction it could be completely wiped out in the next 40 years. Audience Motivator: Every single day we are losing 137 plants, animal and insect species due to rainforest deforestation (Rainforest Facts). Landowners and governments of the rainforest today need to be given a good economic reason not to destroy the rainforest. We need to make an economy for the sustainable resources of the rainforest, notRead MoreThe Leaflet Written by Friends of the Earth1989 Words   |  8 Pagesto help Friend of the Earth by joining them. The writer boosts up the leaflet with a persuasive story of 1988, a story of murders in a very dramatic way. The writer uses four years old data to persuade the audience to do something to save Brazils Amazonian Forests and the Indians living there. The writer uses emotive language through out the leaflet and specially in the story. The writer creates imagery of horrifying images to gain the sympathy for Indian and hence to gain Read MoreThe World Of The Future Generation906 Words   |  4 PagesIntergenerational equity, the concept which displays that actions of today s generation will determine the world of the future generation. Therefore, the generation today must be fair and wise in the decisions they make, for their actions will sculpt the future of others. The image above was used to advertise an exhibition run by the ACT in 2008; climate change, human impact and creative challenge are going to kill our future generation. The then Prime Minister of Norway, Gro Harlem, displayed thatRead MoreDeforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Essay970 Words   |  4 Pageswhat they lost, that is reforestation, and/or establishing a forest in a barren land, that is afforestation. Each country is allowed a certain quota that limits their greenhouse emissions. For companies that uses deforestation for commercial purposes must reforest the land th ey cut off to compensate for the loss. More often than not the land is left alone to grow by itself. This process is called Secondary Succession. However, secondary succession takes a lot longer time since the land is devoid ofRead MoreEssay on Ethnobotany1788 Words   |  8 Pagesancient Egyptians believed that plants had medicinal powers in the afterlife of the pharaohs (King and Veilleux WWW). Indigenous cultures of the rainforests and other areas still use plants today in their everyday lives. If plants work to help these cultures, should not they be researched to help the rest of the world? Many jungles and rainforests contain unexplored species of plants that could contain medicinal uses. Ethnobotanists explore how plants are used for things, such as food, shelterRead MoreOrganizational Social Responsibility : The Environment1739 Words   |  7 Pagescaused primarily through unethical behavior but also a lack of regulations. One of the greatest concerns facing our world right now is outright pollution from some of the biggest companies in the world and perhaps through social corporate responsibility we can better protect and bring attention to environmental issues. According to an issue of Newsweek from September of 2000 95 percent of respondents agreed that â€Å"U.S. corporations should have more than one purpose. They also owe something to their workersRead MoreMcdonald Supply Chain10921 Words   |  44 PagesSchool. 907-414 McDonald s Corporation: Managing a Sustainable Supply Chain As Muschetto gazed out his window on an unusually warm January day, he pondered these questions and remembered founder Ray Kroc’s directive: â€Å"Whatever we are doing today, we can do better tomorrow.†1 McDonald’s Supply Chain History2 Ray Kroc, founder and first CEO of the McDonald’s Corporation, opened the original McDonald’s franchise in Des Plaines, Illinois in 1955. From the beginning, he sought to buildRead MoreEthical Enviromental Issues2536 Words   |  11 Pagesand moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents. Humans have been sharing our lives with nature for many of years; we have to make many ethical decisions with respect to the environment everyday. We have been concentrating on finding ways and ideas to make our lives easier. Over time we have forgotten to take in the immoral consideration of what we might be doing to our environment itself. In the past, future and even present, there have been many controversial issues on environmentalRead MoreEnvironmental Protection and Free Trade Coexisting Essay2055 Words   |  9 Pagesacknowledge the way of life that industrialized nations have, and wish to have the same. Also, much of the public favors this plan because they do not want to see many people malnourished and living in poverty. However, many people do not realize tha t we have now created the way of life which cannot be had by everyone due to the enormous amount of energy which it requires. For example, it would be impossible for all humans to own and operate cars because there are no longer enough natural resources

The Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 982 Words

Upon reviewing Ronald Takai’s Hiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, upon reading Takaki’s Hiroshima, it led me to believe that Truman was probably more militant than his predecessor, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and yet also showed a more personal side after the two bombs were used against the Japanese Empire. In this essay, I will describe how I would personally evaluate Truman’s decision and what possible scenarios could have led to the outcome as well as determining what other alternative routes he might have chosen if he decided not to use atomic bombs. The first question is always the one that often floats across the minds of young scholars: â€Å"what were his motives?† Truly, we have many theories and people who knew Truman most (either personally or through researching historical records into his legacy) have many differing opinions. We’ve heard that Harry Truman never had any second thoughts about ordering the use of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki—probably in an effort to avoid a possibly bloody land invasion of the JapaneseShow MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 Pagesdropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is a n understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine that the use of the bomb was the quickestRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1302 Words   |  6 PagesAllies almost one week after being hit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played aRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 PagesFearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bombs created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when WorldRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II was a controversial decision that was made by President Truman. On August 6, 1945, President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It brought an end to the bloody war in the Pacific after 4 years. Making Japan surrender in the face of unimaginable force and significant destruction on Japan’s soil. Nevertheless, Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1515 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb in Japan? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed Hiroshima and over 90,000 people were instantly killed in the explosion and an additional 100,000 people perished from burns and radiation sickness. Japan refusedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1764 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki however, President Truman was ultimately the man who made the final decision to launch ‘Little Boy’ and destroy Hiroshima, Nagasaki and their civilians, thus forcing an end to the war. Although there were many alternatives presented to President Truman, it is unknown as to whether they would have actually succeeded in ending the war or producing less casualties. Truman made the decision to drop these bombs in the heat of war but h is justificationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1364 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 6th of August 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb by the name of ‘Little Boy’ dropped by the plane ‘Enola Gay’ on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th of August America dropped another bombed called, ‘Fat Man’ on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. A surrender was received and accepted by America on the 15th of August and the war against Japan had ended. Harry S. Truman, the man responsible for dropping the bombs claims it ended the war more efficiently and was in fact theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the extreme devastation, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. The atomic bomb is a weapon unmatched in warfare, rapidly releasing nuclear energy by fission of atomic nuclei. Desperate times call for desperate measures, which is why America chose to unleash its most deadly weapon, the atomic bomb, on Japan. America, who had already fought in World War II for over four years, had no desire to perpetuate the war. When Japan refused to surrender, America was leftRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1998 Words   |  8 Pagesto drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Joon Jung 2/21/16 Word Count: 1848 Section A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Research Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed

How Do Psychologist Examine Behavior and Mental Processes

Introduction This essay will examine and compare the different ways in which psychologists examine behaviour and mental processes and will make reference to cognition, behaviourism, psychodynamics and neuroscience. According to Gerrig and Zimbardo (2002) behaviour can be described as â€Å"the actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment† and behaviour is said to involve mostly the frontal lobes more than the hypothalamus and is influenced greatly by external stimuli. Examples of behaviour are sexual behaviour, curiosity, food preference and reading. Mental processes are described by psychology dictionary (2014) is an umbrella term that would be used to describe any process, whether it physiological or psychological which occurs in a person’s mind for example the process of thinking and remembering. In order to fully achieve this I will have to explain each of the approaches in full details. Neuroscience Neuroscience is a branch or Biological psychology and according to Gerrig et al. (2002) neuroscience is â€Å"the scientific study of the brain and of the links between brain activity and behaviour†. As previously stated before, behaviour is an important part in all the theories of psychology. In general we have two types of behaviour which are regulatory and non-regulatory behaviour. Psychology dictionary (2014) describes a regulatory behaviour as the efforts that an organism makes which are aimed at achieving a balance physiologically by maintaining the basic needs whichShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Approach : Mental Processes And Behaviors1356 Words   |  6 Pagesbiological approach examines mental processes and behaviors by focusing on genetics and physiology. Psychologists who use the biological approach believe that mental processes and behaviors are caused and explained by activity between the nervous system and the brain. The biological approach is very scientific; therefore, psychologists can perform consistent, measureable experiments to examine how our genes, neuronal activity, and neurotransmitters interact with our environment and how they influenceRead MoreEssay about Definition of Psychology714 Words   |  3 PagesDefinition of Psychology The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means 1. The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior. And logos, the study of. or according to modern researches science These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Definition ofRead MorePsychology 103942 Words   |  4 Pages Question 1 of 10 1.0 Points How is the diversity of psychology limited, even today? A. There are very few psychologists that are members of racial minorities. B. The majority of psychologists are male. Incorrect C. Psychologists in the United States far outnumber those in all other countries combined. D. Both A and B. Answer Key: A Feedback: Remember that only approximately 5% of psychologists in the United States are members of a minority group. Read MoreFoundations of Psychology Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesPaper * This paper will discuss the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying assumptions. The paper will also identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. According to our reading in psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior. Mental processes include how a person thinks, feels, remembers as well as a person’s behavior. When a doctor needs to understand a person they need to know the person’s biologyRead Morepsy 3601407 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive psychology is the study of mental processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new formal branch of psychology, its roots extend back to Descartes who sought a way to explain how the mind worked, proposing the analogy of a â€Å"hydraulic system of nerve function† (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he observed animated statues in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It has been the restless pursuit of not only the idea of how the mind works but also what exactlyRead MoreCross Cultural Psychology1160 Words   |  5 Pagesknowing one, or at times more than one, kind of culture. Everyone has differe nt beliefs and ways of doing things and this usually has to do with our culture and the way we have been raised and brought up. This type of psychology looks into these many different cultures and studies how they affect us as humans and our development, mental processes, and behavior. Cultural psychology is a field in psychology that assumes that the idea that culture and mind are inseparable and that psychological theoriesRead MoreOrigins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet1462 Words   |  6 PagesHe believed that many psychological problems result from the conflicts that occur between acceptable behavior and unacceptable unconscious sexual or aggressive motives. His theory was called Psychoanalysis. Freud relied more on deductive reasoning rather than on rigorous research methods, hence making his approach non-scientific. Also, he laid emphasis on the importance of unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts. Behaviorist: The founder of the behaviorist school of thought is JohnRead MoreA Career as a Psychologist Essay1432 Words   |  6 Pages Psychologists are very important people; they help millions of people with their everyday struggles and problems that they have to deal with. Not only do psychologists help people with problems that they cannot handle on their own, they also are scientists who study human minds and behaviors. With being a psychologist, there are many different careers to choose from within this profession (Explore Health Careers). The first type of psychologists to choose from is a clinical psychologist. ClinicalRead MoreCognitive Affective1347 Words   |  6 Pagesempirical branch of psychology, which aims to answer all questions regarding human activities, related to knowledge and emotions, such as, how we think, learn, and remember. It is grounded on the theory that thoughts and emotions affect our behavior; furthermore, behavior can be changed through a modification of our thoughts or emotions. Cognitive psychologists examine how our minds obtain, apply, organize, and retrieve information. In addition, the topics of attention, decision-making, critical thinkingRead MoreThe Scientific Study Of Behavior And Mental Processes1289 Words   |  6 PagesPyschology â€Å"The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes in humans and animals† (Scottish Qualifications Authority, 2001). This assessment essay will cover the four major schools , its development of it , key features that characterise each of the four schools of thought, the historical context and an evalution. The Psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based up on the interaction of drives and forces within, the person , partly unconscious

Who was most to blame for the outcome of On the Western Circuit Essay Example For Students

Who was most to blame for the outcome of On the Western Circuit Essay On the Western Circuit is a short story written by Thomas Hardy, one of Britains greatest novelists. Hardy was born on June 2, 1840 in Higher Brockhampton, Dorset. He wrote novels such as Far from the Maddening Crowd, Tess of the dUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. I will be answering the question of who was the most to blame for the outcome of On the Western Circuit and possible reasons for each character to hold the most responsibility. I will also be explaining why I sympathise with the characters. The main characters are Raye, a well off lawyer from London who captures the heart of Anna, a simple country girl from the small village of Melchester. Edith, who is Annas mistress and guardian, is also very taken by Raye, and ends up falling in love with him. Raye and Anna end up married because Anna becomes pregnant, much to the dismay of Edith and Raye who is by this time in love with Edith. Raye feels that it is his duty to marry Anna, even though he is not in love with her. The story is set in Victorian times, and Hardy was very interested in the strict moral attitudes of Victorian society, and peoples behaviour who are of different social backgrounds. The story starts when Raye meets Anna at the steam fair, and they start to have a relationship together. Annas older mistress, Edith Harnham, falls in love with Raye, without him realising, when their hands accidentally touch at the fair. Edith longs for Raye, although she knows that because she is married, and so much older than him, they could never be lovers. Raye returns to his work place in London wishing only to keep contact with Anna through letters, and the occasional visit to her when he is on the Western Circuit. Little does he know that Anna cannot read or write very well, so she gets Mrs Harnham to write letters to him from her. We later find out that Raye had made Anna pregnant while he was with her, and Edith sends him an urgent letter telling him this, but urges him not to rush down and disrupt his busy schedule. Raye feels obliged to marry Anna, and does so in a small ceremony in London. Soon after this, Raye finds out that it has been Edith writing letters to him, signed with Annas name, and that he had been deceived. It is at this point when Edith confesses that she has fallen in love with him. Raye also admits that he feels the same way about her, but remains married to Anna although he is not happy and thus the story ends. At the opening of the story, we first meet Raye who is on his way to the funfair. Hardy describes the fair vividly, and shows it to be a place of temptation because this is where Raye was tempted by Anna, revolving on the hobbyhorse. Her beauty tempted him as Raye describes her as unmistakably the prettiest girl. Hardy shows the fair to be a place where you can let your hair down, and it is a welcome change from the strict Victorian morality. Hardy writes that Raye threw himself into harmony with his new surroundings by lighting a short pipe, and by putting his hat on one side. This shows that Raye was trying to fit in and look like one of the country folk. Hardy describes it as a chaotic place because of human figures darting athwart and across, up, down and around. The words A smoky glare shows the confusion surrounding the fair, and Hardy created the image by appealing to all senses and describing, the clanging of gongs, the ringing of hand bells and the undistinguishable shouts of men. He is telling you what Raye can hear, as well as see. The fair and the Cathedral contrast with each other because the cathedral is seen as a very orderly, house of God, whereas the fair is seen as a place where sin can be indulged, and disorder is compulsory. The Victorian attitude at the time regards fun as something only to be had by simple country folk. The quote a greater contrast between juxtaposed scenes proves that the two places are very different from each other. The fair could be seen as a symbol of hell, with all the pleasure and freedom that could be experienced there, with the symbol of heaven being the cathedral. The word inferno that Hardy uses to describe the fair could be linked to the inferno of hell. I think he is trying to describe it as a fantasyland, because riders of the hobbyhorses were quite fascinated by the undulations in this most delightful holiday-game. It is almost like a dream world. The meaning of the story EssayThis was the first time she had experienced true love, and she got carried away with this. Another point is that she deceived Anna by not telling her about her true feelings for Raye. She also deceived Raye because she agreed to write to him, pretending to be Anna, overcoming her better judgement. She felt bound to accede because she had not stopped the relationship so far, and she cared for Anna, and wanted to help her as much as she could. Also in my opinion, Edith could have stopped the marriage because she was aware of the whole truth, and could have persuaded Anna to call off the wedding. She did not do this because as I said, she cared for Anna, and in my opinion, did not want to cause her any unhappiness. On the other hand Edith was trapped in a loveless marriage and her marriage was not fulfilling and the text says that she led a lonely life, so I can sympathise with her for wanting a little excitement. She felt responsible for Anna, and did show kindness for her by not to telling Raye at first that she loved him. I think that she regarded Anna as a daughter, and Anna regarded her as her mother. Society could have affected the characters opinions and actions. Single motherhood in Victorian times was looked at as socially unacceptable. If Raye had left Anna instead of marrying her, she would not have had any benefits, and would probably have been shunned by society. Ediths husband had already said that he thought is twas time that Anna was married. Divorce was also seen as social unacceptable in the days when this story was written. In Victorian times, it was also common for men to be aloud more sexual freedom than women, and sleep with who ever they wanted. Raye shows this by telling Anna when they first meet that he prefers the country to the town because it contained such girls as herself. This shows that Raye doesnt find it hard to attract women and sleep with them. The outcome of the story would also been affected in the fact that when Edith was younger, she would have been urged by her parents to marry at a young age, and as the text says, her husband was a pis aller which means last resort. She realised when it was too late that she had made a mistake in her choice of husband. There was a lot of fate involved in the overall outcome of the story, because if Raye had decided to visit the Cathedral instead of the church, none of this fiasco would have happened. I also think that if Edith had not gone looking for Anna at the fair and seen Raye, and their hands hadnt accidentally touched, she would not have developed her unstoppable desire for him. The story reflects Hardys obvious pessimistic view on life. Hardy describes love as something that often leads up to passion, heart-ache, union, disunion, devotion, overpopulation, drudgery, content, resignation, despair. This shows that Hardy does not have a very optimistic view on love in general. The ending of the story also shows this because Edith and Raye end up in a loveless marriage. I think if this storyline were used for a soap opera nowadays, the plot would possibly end in Raye running off with Edith, or possibly Edith seeking revenge on Anna by killing her, or ruining her marriage. This sort of ending would not have been used in Victorian times though because it would have been seen as outrageous by society. In conclusion, I feel that Edith holds most responsibility for the outcome of the story. I think she could have prevented Raye and Anna seeing each other, or explained to Anna how Raye really felt about her. She failed to protect Anna and became obsessive. I also do not think she should have admitted to Raye about her love for him after the wedding, because in my opinion he would have been better off not knowing so he wouldnt be able to wish that he had run away with her. I feel most sympathetic for Anna who did not know of all the things going on behind her back, like Ediths love for Raye, and Raye only marrying her because of her baby.

Benefits Of Physical Fitness Essay Example For Students

Benefits Of Physical Fitness Essay Benefits Of Physical Fitness Essay Physical Fitness has many positive benefits for a persons body. Exercise provides health benefits, increases strength and energy, enhances a persons appearance, which helps with self-esteem and also relieves stress. A major health benefit from exercising is reducing the risk of heart disease. Exercise will help increase the HDL (good cholesterol) to LDL (bad cholesterol) ratio. Estimates are that 96. 8 million American adults (51 percent) have blood cholesterol values of 200 mg/dL and higher. About 37.7 million American adults (20 percent) have levels of 240 or above. By having physical activity, the efficiency of the heart and lungs is increased. As a persons level of fitness increases blood pressure will decrease therefore lowering high blood pressure. Exercise also controls diabetes by increasing insulin efficiency. A persons body is protected against osteoporosis when exercising because bone mass is increased. Studies done on the bone density of broken limbs have shown that in just 2 months, a bone can lose 5 percent of its mass. Astronauts have also shown similar loses when subjected to weightlessness. By exercising frequently, a persons joints, tendons, and ligaments are more flexible promoting easy unrestricted movement. This will increase a persons sense of balance and agility. Exercise also helps expedite the movement of the nutrients to the cells and the toxins from the cells improving digestion and elimination. The endurance and energy level a persons body is also increased. Exercising increases a persons life span by slowing aging process. Muscle tone in the body is improved and weight loss is controlled making a person look and feel better. This type of feeling really helps boost a persons self-esteem and decreases depression. Physical activity relieves stress and tension from a persons body by clearing the mind. Anxiety can also be released in exercises such as kickboxing, aerobics, or tae-bo. Another benefit that most people dont think of is the reduction in health care costs. The fitter a person is, the less chance of becoming ill. As many as 12 percent of the deaths in the US may be due to diseases associated with lack of regular physical activity. Steven Blair, chief of epidemiology at the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas, led a study of physical activity levels and mortality. He found that the greatest percentage decrease in the death rate occurred in moving from the lowest fit group to the next-lowest fit group. Increasing levels of fitness went along with lower death rates, but the percentage improved in longevity decreased as fitness increased. Heart diseased, strokes, cancer, and diabetes are four of the top ten causes of death. These diseases are a great burden to our health care system. A person might consider and think about the savings physical fitness can bring to themselves and the government. Our health is very important to us. If physical fitness can help us be healthier and live a longer life span, then we should consider having some sort of exercise routine added to our daily life. College of Sports and Medicine (ACSM) and the Centers for Disease Control recommended, Every Us adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. Bibliography: .